1-Chlorobutane

1-Chlorobutane
	Skeltal formula
	Ball-and-stick model
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 1-Chlorobutane
	Other names n-Butyl chloride; 1-Butyl chloride;
Identifiers
CAS Number	109-69-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL47259 ;
ChemSpider	7714 ;
DrugBank	DB11534;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.361
EC Number	203-696-6;
PubChem CID	8005;
RTECS number	EJ6300000;
UNII	ZP7R667SGD ;
UN number	1127
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8020206 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H9Cl/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-4H2,1H3 Key: VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H9Cl/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-4H2,1H3 Key: VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYAR;
	SMILES ClCCCC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H9Cl
Molar mass	92.57 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.89 g/mL
Melting point	−123.1 °C (−189.6 °F; 150.1 K)
Boiling point	78 °C (172 °F; 351 K)
Solubility in water	0.5 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility	Miscible with methanol, ether
log P	2.56
Vapor pressure	103.4±0.1 mmHg at 25 °C
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−67.10·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.396
Viscosity	0.4261 mPa·s
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H225
Precautionary statements	P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 3 1
Flash point	−12 °C (10 °F; 261 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Fischer MSDS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

1-Chlorobutane is an alkyl halide with the chemical formula C
₄H
₉Cl. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. It is used as a solvent in some industries due to its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances.^[4] It is an alkylating reagent, that is used in organic synthesis to add a butyl group to other molecules.^[5]

Preparation and reactions

It can be prepared from 1-butanol by treatment with hydrogen chloride:^[6]

C₄H₉OH + HCl → C₄H₉Cl + H₂O

It reacts with lithium metal to give n-butyllithium:^[7]

2 Li + C
₄H
₉Cl → C
₄H
₉Li + LiCl

1-Chlorobutane reacts with sodium hydroxide via nucleophilic substitution to produce butanol:

C
₄H
₉Cl + NaOH → C
₄H
₉OH + NaCl

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
^ ^a ^b ^c "1-Chlorobutane CAS#:109-69-3".
^ Coursey, B. M.; Heric, E. L. (1971). "AApplication of the Congruence Principle to Viscosities of 1-Chloroalkane Binary Mixtures". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 49 (16): 2631–2635. doi:10.1139/v71-437. ISSN 0008-4042.
^ "What is 1-Chlorobutane? Uses, Properties, and Safety? - Pioneer". Pioneer Bionic. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
^ "The Role of 1-Chlorobutane in Modern Organic Synthesis: A Deep Dive". Ningbo. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
^ Copenhaver, J. E.; Whaley, A. M. (1925). "N-Butyl Chloride". Organic Syntheses. 5: 27. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.005.0027.
^ Brandsma, L.; Verkraijsse, H. D. (1987). Preparative Polar Organometallic Chemistry I. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-16916-4.

[GESTIS-1] Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

[chemsrc-2] "1-Chlorobutane CAS#:109-69-3".

[CourseyHeric1971-3] Coursey, B. M.; Heric, E. L. (1971). "AApplication of the Congruence Principle to Viscosities of 1-Chloroalkane Binary Mixtures". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 49 (16): 2631–2635. doi:10.1139/v71-437. ISSN 0008-4042.

[4] "What is 1-Chlorobutane? Uses, Properties, and Safety? - Pioneer". Pioneer Bionic. Retrieved 2025-11-05.

[5] "The Role of 1-Chlorobutane in Modern Organic Synthesis: A Deep Dive". Ningbo. Retrieved 2025-11-05.

[6] Copenhaver, J. E.; Whaley, A. M. (1925). "N-Butyl Chloride". Organic Syntheses. 5: 27. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.005.0027.

[Brandsma-7] Brandsma, L.; Verkraijsse, H. D. (1987). Preparative Polar Organometallic Chemistry I. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-16916-4.

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