EPTC (herbicide)

S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
S-Ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate
Other names
  • Eptam
  • Epthame
  • S-Ethyl-N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate
  • S-Ethyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate
  • Carbamic acid, dipropylthio-, S-ethyl ester
  • S-Ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate
  • Dipropylcarbamothioic acid S-ethyl ester
  • 2-ethyl-n,n-dipropylthiocarbamate
[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.010.976
EC Number
  • 212-073-8
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
UN number 2902 2992
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C9H19NOS/c1-4-7-10(8-5-2)9(11)12-6-3/h4-8H2,1-3H3
    Key: GUVLYNGULCJVDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
  • N(C(SCC)=O)(CCC)CCC
Properties
Chemical formula
 C9H19NOS
Molar mass 189.32 g·mol−1
Appearance light yellow liquid[2]
Odor Aromatic, Characteristic[2]
Density 955 kg/m3 at 30°C[3]
Melting point <25°C (<77°F) [3]
Boiling point 232 °C (450 °F; 505 K) [3]
Solubility in water
 375 mg/L[2]
Solubility in [[acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, benzene, xylene]] miscible[2]
Vapor pressure 3.2 Pa[2]
Viscosity 5.2 mm2/s
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS07: Exclamation mark
Hazard statements
 H302[4]
Flash point 116 °C (241 °F; 389 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 260 °C (500 °F; 533 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 916 mg/kg (rat, oral)[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) is a selective herbicide used for preëmergent control of certain grasses and broadleaf weeds in Australia and the United States.[4][5] It was introduced in 1957.[6]

EPTC can be applied preëmergently or postemergently and its effectiveness does not depend on post-application rainfall. The herbicide takes effect quickly afterward. It is registered in every US state.[7] It should be sprayed when the soil is well worked and dry, for good mixing and incorporation. It can be stored at temperatures as low as -50 °F.[8]

It is not persistent in soil, having a half-life of about 6 days.[2]

Use

EPTC use in the United States, 2011

EPTC is applied at 2 to 7.5 lbs/ac in the US, or 2.5-5 kg/ha in Australia, measured by active ingredient. It is usually sold as an emulsifiable concentrate, of 70% or greater concentration,[9][10] or as granules.[6]

In 2001, 277,000 lbs (123 tonnes) of EPTC was used in California.[11]

Registrations

In the United States, EPTC is registered for use on alfalfa, almonds, beans, birdsfoot trefoil, clovers, lespedeza, sainfoin, citrus nursery stock and plantings, cotton, grass, fallow, pine seedlings, potatoes, safflower, sugar beets, sunflower, tomatoes and walnuts.[9]

In Australia, EPTC is used on beans, potatoes, maize, sweet corn, safflower, rapeseed, sunflower, lucerne, duboisia, lotus, non-crop situations and grass.[10]

The EU does not allow the use of EPTC.[12]

Safety

The EPA says in a 1999 report that EPTC produced no developmental or reproductive toxicity, and there was no cause for concern. Nevertheless, the State of California OEHHA is concerned that EPTC could be developmentally toxic.[11]

Tradenames

EPTC has been sold under the tradenames Alirox, Eradicane, Eptam, Genep, Niptan, Shortstop, Torbin and Witox.[8][1] The long-running "Eptam" trademark is the Stauffer Chemical Company's.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b "Ethyl Dipropylthiocarbamate". oehha.ca.gov. State of California. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PubChem.
  3. ^ a b c "S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate". CAS Common Chemistry. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Eptam® 7E | Gowan Herbicide Safety Data Sheet". www.gowanco.com. Gowan. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  5. ^ "Eptam". Nufarm Australia.
  6. ^ a b Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
  7. ^ "Eptam® 7E | Gowan". www.gowanco.com.
  8. ^ a b c "Eptam Label 1982" (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. Stauffer Chemical Company. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  9. ^ a b "Eptam® 7E Label". www.gowanco.com. Gowan. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  10. ^ a b "Eptam Label". Nufarm Australia. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  11. ^ a b "Proposition 65 Maximum Allowable Dose Level (MADL) for Reproductive Toxicity for Ethyl Dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC)" (PDF). State of California OEHHA. June 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  12. ^ "EU Pesticides Database". ec.europa.eu.
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