Dichlorofluoromethane

Dichlorofluoromethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Dichloro(fluoro)methane
Other names
Dichlorofluoromethane
Fluorodichloromethane
Monofluorodichloromethane
Dichloromonofluoromethane
Freon 21
Refrigerant 21
R 21
HCFC 21
Algofrene Type 5
Arcton 7
Halon 112
UN 1029
Genetron 21
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.791
EC Number
  • 200-869-8
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • PA8400000
UNII
UN number 1029
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/CHCl2F/c2-1(3)4/h1H checkY
    Key: UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/CHCl2F/c2-1(3)4/h1H
    Key: UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYAU
SMILES
  • ClC(Cl)F
Properties
Chemical formula
 CHCl2F
Molar mass 102.92 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Ether-like[1]
Density
  • 1.405 kg/m3 at 9 °C
  • 1.366 kg/m3 at 25 °C
Melting point −135 °C (−211 °F; 138 K)
Boiling point 8.92 °C (48.06 °F; 282.07 K)
Solubility in water
 9.420 g/L at 30 °C
log P 1.55
Vapor pressure 160 kPa
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 0.19 (mol·kg·bar)−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 −48.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.0086 W/m·K (300 K)[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS07: Exclamation mark
Signal word
 Warning
Hazard statements
 H420
Precautionary statements
 P410+P403, P502
Flash point Non-flammable[1]
Autoignition
temperature
 522 °C (972 °F; 795 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LC50 (median concentration)
  • >800,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)
  • 49,900 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[3]
LCLo (lowest published)
  • 100,000 ppm (guinea pig, <1 hr)
  • 100,000 ppm (mouse, <1 hr)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (4200 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 5000 ppm[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Dichlorofluoromethane or Freon 21 or R 21 is a halomethane or hydrochlorofluorocarbon with the formula CHCl2F. It is a colorless and odorless gas. It is produced by fluorination of chloroform using a catalyst such as antimony trifluoride:[4]

CHCl3 + HF → CHCl2F + HCl

Uses

Dichlorofluoromethane was used as a propellant and refrigerant. Due to its role in ozone depletion, dichlorofluoromethane has been largely phased out. It has ozone depletion potential 0.04. Production and consumption has been since 2004 reduced to 15% of level from 1989 and it is to be phased out in 2015 according to Montreal Protocol.

Pyrolysis of a mixture of dichlorofluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane gives hexafluorobenzene:[4]

3 CHCl2F + 3 CH2ClF → C6F6 + 9 HCl

Additional physical data

Its critical point is at 178.5 °C (451.7 K) and 5.17 MPa (51.7 bar). At temperatures from 5 K to 105 K, it has one phase in the space group Pbca.

Safety

Its toxicity is comparable to that of chloroform. Its TLV is 10 ppm.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0197". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  3. ^ a b "Dichloromonofluoromethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
  4. ^ a b c Dagani, M. J.; Barda, H. J.; Benya, T. J.; Sanders, D. C. "Bromine Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_405. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
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