Remoxipride |
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| Trade names | Roxiam |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Bioavailability | 96%[1] |
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| Protein binding | 89-98% |
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| Metabolism | Hepatic[1] |
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| Elimination half-life | 4-7 hours[1] |
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| Excretion | Renal[1] |
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3-bromo-N-[[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide
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| Formula | C16H23BrN2O3 |
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| Molar mass | 371.275 g·mol−1 |
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| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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CCN2CCC[C@H]2CNC(=O)c1c(OC)ccc(Br)c1OC
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InChI=1S/C16H23BrN2O3/c1-4-19-9-5-6-11(19)10-18-16(20)14-13(21-2)8-7-12(17)15(14)22-3/h7-8,11H,4-6,9-10H2,1-3H3,(H,18,20)/t11-/m0/s1 YKey:GUJRSXAPGDDABA-NSHDSACASA-N Y
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N Y (what is this?) (verify) |
Remoxipride (Roxiam) is an atypical antipsychotic (although according to some sources it is a typical antipsychotic) which was previously used in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania but was withdrawn due to toxicity concerns (incidence of aplastic anemia in 1/10,000 patients).[2] It was initially launched by AstraZeneca in 1990 and suspension of its use began in 1993.[2] Remoxipride acts as a selective D2 and D3 receptor antagonist and also has high affinity for the sigma receptor, possibly playing a role in its atypical neuroleptic action.[3]
Due to its short half-life twice daily (bid) dosing is required, although a once-daily controlled-release tablet has been developed.[4] There was some interest in its use in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.[5][6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Grind M, Nilsson MI, Nilsson L, Oxenstierna G, Sedvall G, Wahlén A (1989). "Remoxipride--a new potential antipsychotic compound. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics after single oral and intravenous administration in healthy male volunteers". Psychopharmacology. 98 (3): 304–9. doi:10.1007/bf00451679. PMID 2568653. S2CID 27357548.
- ^ a b Vela JM, Buschmann H, Holenz J, Párraga A, Torrens A (2007). Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anxiolytics: From Chemistry and Pharmacology to Clinical Application. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31058-6.
- ^ Köhler C, Hall H, Magnusson O, Lewander T, Gustafsson K (1990). "Biochemical pharmacology of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 358: 27–36. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05282.x. PMID 1978484. S2CID 144567193.
- ^ Alexander MS, Chakravarti SK, Sundararajan K, Mullin JM, Shaw SH, Blomqvist M, Lockett CM (January 1993). "Once-daily controlled release remoxipride is equieffective with twice-daily immediate release remoxipride in the treatment of schizophrenia". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 7 (3): 276–82. doi:10.1177/026988119300700307. PMID 22290842. S2CID 23518319.
- ^ Conley R, Dixon L, Nguyen JA, Tamminga C, Raymond R (April 1993). "Remoxipride therapy in treatment resistant schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Research. 9 (2–3): 235–236. doi:10.1016/0920-9964(93)90521-J. S2CID 54386181.
- ^ Conley R, Dixon L, Nguyen JA, Tamminga C, Raymond R (April 1993). "Remoxipride therapy in poorly responsive schizophrenics". Schizophrenia Research. 4 (3): 316. doi:10.1016/0920-9964(91)90208-9. S2CID 54317014.
External links
Antipsychotics (N05A) |
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| Typical | |
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| Disputed |
- Tricyclics: Carpipramine
- Clocapramine
- Clorotepine
- Clotiapine
- Loxapine
- Mosapramine
- Oxyprothepin decanoate
|
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| Atypical | |
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| Others |
- Muscarinic agonists: Xanomeline/trospium chloride
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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Dopamine receptor modulators |
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| D1-like | | Agonists |
- Benzazepines: 6-Br-APB
- Fenoldopam
- SKF-38,393
- SKF-77,434
- SKF-81,297
- SKF-82,958
- SKF-83,959
- Trepipam
- Zelandopam
- Dihydrexidine derivatives: A-77636
- A-86929
- Adrogolide (ABT-431, DAS-431)
- Dihydrexidine
- Dinapsoline
- Dinoxyline
- Doxanthrine
- Phenethylamines: BCO-001
- Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine)
- Dipropyldopamine (DPDA)
- Dopamine
- Dopexamine
- Etilevodopa
- Ibopamine
- L-DOPA (levodopa)
- Lu AE04621
- Melevodopa
- L-Phenylalanine
- L-Tyrosine
- XP21279
- Others: A-68930
- Apomorphine
- Isocorypalmine
- Lu AF28996
- Nuciferine
- PF-06412562
- PF-6649751
- PF 6669571
- Propylnorapomorphine
- Rotigotine
- SKF-89,145
- SKF-89,626
- Stepholidine
- Tavapadon
- Tetrahydropalmatine
|
|---|
| PAMs |
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines: DETQ
- DPTQ
- Glovadalen
- Mevidalen
|
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| Antagonists |
- Others: Berupipam
- Ecopipam
- EEDQ
- Metitepine (methiothepin)
- Odapipam
- Perlapine
- SCH-23390
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|
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| D2-like | | Agonists |
- Aminotetralins: 5-OH-DPAT
- 7-OH-DPAT
- 8-OH-PBZI
- CHF-1024
- Nolomirole
- Rotigotine
- UH-232
- Dihydrexidine derivatives: 2-OH-NPA
- Ciladopa
- Dihydrexidine
- Dinoxyline
- N,N-Propyldihydrexidine
- Phenethylamines: Deoxyepinephrine (N-methyldopamine, epinine)
- Dipropyldopamine (DPDA)
- Dopamine
- Dopexamine
- Etilevodopa
- Ibopamine
- L-DOPA (levodopa)
- Lu AE04621
- L-Phenylalanine
- RU-24213
- L-Tyrosine
- Melevodopa
- XP21279
- Atypical antipsychotics: Alentemol (U-66444B)
- Aripiprazole (+sertraline)
- Aripiprazole lauroxil
- Bifeprunox
- Brexpiprazole
- Brilaroxazine
- Cariprazine
- F-15063
- Lumateperone
- Norclozapine
- Others: 3-PPP
- A-412997
- ABT-670
- ABT-724
- Adrafinil
- Aplindore
- Apomorphine
- Arketamine
- Armodafinil
- BP-897
- Captodiame
- CP-226,269
- Debenzergoline
- Dizocilpine
- Esketamine
- Etrabamine
- Flibanserin
- 7-Hydroxyropinirole (SK&F-89124)
- Ketamine
- Lu AF28996
- Matsupexole
- Modafinil
- Naxagolide
- OSU-6162
- Pardoprunox
- PD-128,907
- PD-168,077
- PF-219,061
- PF-592,379
- Phencyclidine
- Piribedil
- Pramipexole
- Preclamol
- Propylnorapomorphine
- Pukateine
- Quinagolide
- Quinelorane
- Quinpirole
- RDS-127
- Ro10-5824
- Ropinirole
- Roxindole
- S32504
- Salvinorin A
- SKF-39315
- SKF-83,959
- Sumanirole
- Talipexole
- Umespirone
- WAY-100,635
- XC-130
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| Antagonists |
- Others: 3-PPP
- Alpiropride
- Azapride
- Bromerguride
- Bromocriptine
- Buspirone
- Carmoxirole
- Desmethoxyfallypride
- EEDQ
- F-15063
- Fallypride
- Fananserin
- Fenfluramine
- Iodobenzamide
- Isocorypalmine
- L-741,626
- L-745,870
- Levofenfluramine
- LEK-8829
- Metitepine (methiothepin)
- N-Methylspiperone
- Nafadotride
- Nuciferine
- Ordopidine
- PNU-99,194
- Pridopidine
- Raclopride
- Sarizotan
- SB-277,011-A
- Seridopidine
- Sonepiprazole
- Spiroxatrine
- Stepholidine
- SV-293
- Tetrahydropalmatine
- Tiapride
- UH-232
- XC-130
- Yohimbine
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- See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
- Adrenergics
- Serotonergics
- Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
- Monoamine releasing agents
- Monoamine metabolism modulators
- Monoamine neurotoxins
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Sigma receptor modulators |
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| σ1 |
- Allosteric modulators: Phenytoin; Positive: Methylphenylpiracetam
- SOMCL-668
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| σ2 |
- Antagonists: AC-927
- BD-1008
- BD-1067
- CM-156
- LR-172
- MIN-101
- Panamesine (EMD-57455)
- SAS-0132
- Zervimesine (CT-1812)
- Unknown/unsorted: 3-Methoxydextrallorphan
- 3-MeO-PCE
- 4-MeO-PCP
- 5-MeO-DALT
- 5-MeO-DiPT
- Clemastine
- DiPTTooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine
- DPTTooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine
- Ibogaine
- Lu 29-252
- Nemonapride
- Nepinalone
- Noribogaine
- Pentazocine
- RS-67,333
- Safinamide
- TMATooltip 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
- UMB-23
- UMB-82
- W-18
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| Unsorted |
- Antagonists: AHD1
- AZ66
- Lamotrigine
- Naloxone
- SM-21
- UMB-100
- UMB-101
- UMB-103
- UMB-116
- YZ-011
- YZ-069
- YZ-185
- Allosteric modulators: SKF-83959
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See also: Receptor/signaling modulators |