Vanadium(II) chloride

Vanadium(II) chloride
Plan view of a single layer in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Plan view of a single layer in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Layer stacking in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Layer stacking in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Vanadium(II) chloride
Other names
Vanadous chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.057
EC Number
  • 234-176-7
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • YW1575000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2ClH.V/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 checkY
    Key: ITAKKORXEUJTBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/2ClH.V/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    Key: ITAKKORXEUJTBC-NUQVWONBAZ
SMILES
  • Cl[V]Cl
Properties
Chemical formula
 VCl2
Molar mass 121.847 g/mol
Appearance pale green solid
Density 3.230 g/cm3
Melting point 1,027 °C (1,881 °F; 1,300 K)
Boiling point 1,506 °C (2,743 °F; 1,779 K)
Solubility in water
 soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 +2410.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure
 CdI2
Coordination geometry
 octahedral
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Reacts with oxygen rapidly
GHS labelling:[1]
Pictograms
 GHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation mark
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H302, H314
Precautionary statements
 P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P363, P405
Related compounds
Other anions
 vanadium(II) fluoride,
vanadium(II) bromide,
vanadium(II) iodide
Other cations
 titanium(II) chloride, chromium(II) chloride
Related compounds
 vanadium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Vanadium(II) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl2, and is the most reduced vanadium chloride. Vanadium(II) chloride is an apple-green solid that dissolves in water to give purple solutions.[2]

Properties

VCl2 dissolves in water to give the purple hexaaquo ion [V(H2O)6]2+. Evaporation of such solutions produces crystals of [V(H2O)6]Cl2.[3]

Structure

Solid VCl2 adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral coordination geometry. VBr2 and VI2 are structurally and chemically similar to the dichloride. All have the d3 configuration, with a quartet ground state, akin to Cr(III).[4]

Preparation

Solid VCl2 is prepared by disproportionation of vanadium trichloride, which leaves a residue of VCl2 after evaporation of the tetrachloride:[2]

2 VCl3 → VCl2 + VCl4

The trichloride can also be reduced by heating under flowing hydrogen:[5]

2 VCl3 + H2 → 2 VCl2 + 2 HCl

Uses

Vanadium dichloride is used as a specialty reductant in organic chemistry. As an aqueous solution, it converts cyclohexylnitrate to cyclohexanone. It reduces phenyl azide into aniline.[6]

References

  1. ^ "Vanadium dichloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b Young, R. C.; Smith, M. E. "Vanadium(II) Chloride" Inorganic Syntheses, 1953, volume IV, page 126-127.doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch42
  3. ^ Martin Pomerantz, Gerald L. Combs, N. L. Dassanayake, "Vanadium Dichloride Solution" Inorganic Syntheses, 1982, vol. XXI, pp. 185–187. doi:10.1002/9780470132524.ch42
  4. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  5. ^ G. Brauer (1963). "Vanadium(II) Chloride". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1256.
  6. ^ Vanasse, Benoit; O'Brien, Michael K. (2001). "Vanadium(II) Chloride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rv002. ISBN 0471936235.
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