Sodium orthovanadate

Sodium orthovanadate
Names
	IUPAC name Sodium vanadate(V)
	Other names Sodium vanadium oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	13721-39-6 (anhydrous) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; dihydrate: Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	12153548
ChEBI	CHEBI:35607;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL179166 ;
ChemSpider	55575;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.883
Gmelin Reference	38128
PubChem CID	61671;
RTECS number	YW1120000;
UNII	7845MV6C8V ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2037269 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Na.4O.V/q3+1;;3-1; Key: IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N; dihydrate: InChI=1S/3Na.2H2O.4O.V/h;;;21H2;;;;;/q3+1;;;;3*-1; Key: SCZLKQJGLSYFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [O-][V](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]; dihydrate: O.O.[O-][V](=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+];
Properties
Chemical formula	Na3VO4
Molar mass	183.908 g/mol
Appearance	white powder
Density	2.16 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	858 °C (1,576 °F; 1,131 K)
Solubility in water	22.17 g/100 mL
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	164.8 J/mol K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	190 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−1757 kJ/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H332
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	330 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Sodium metavanadate; Sodium decavanadate;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Sodium orthovanadate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na₃V O₄. It forms a dihydrate Na₃VO₄·2H₂O. Sodium orthovanadate is a salt of the VO3−4 oxyanion. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid.^[2]

Synthesis and structure

Sodium orthovanadate is produced by dissolving vanadium(V) oxide in a solution of sodium hydroxide:

V₂O₅ + 6 NaOH → 2 Na₃VO₄ + 3 H₂O

The salt features tetrahedral VO3−4 anion centers linked to octahedral Na⁺ cation sites.^[3]

Condensation equilibria

Like many oxometalates, orthovanadate is subject to a number of reactions, which have been analyzed by ⁵¹V NMR studies. At high pH, VO3−4 ions exist in equilibrium with HVO2−4.^[4] At lower pH's, condensation ensues to give various polyoxovanadates. Ultimately, decavanadate is formed.^[5]

Biochemistry

Vanadates exhibit a variety of biological activities, in part because they serve as structural mimics of phosphates.^[6]^[7] It acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATPases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and protein-phosphotyrosine phosphatases,^[8] and its inhibitory effects can be reversed by dilution or the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).^[9]

Orthovanadate is activated by boiling and adjusting pH to ~10; this depolymerizes decavanadate into the active inhibitor, monovanadate.^[8]

References

^ PubChem. "Sodium orthovanadate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-05.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Kato, K.; Takayama-Muromachi, E. (1987). "Die Struktur des Trinatriumvanadattrihydrats" [The structure of trisodium vanadate trihydrate] (PDF). Acta Crystallogr. C43 (6): 1030–1032. Bibcode:1987AcCrC..43.1030K. doi:10.1107/S0108270187093120.
^ Rehder, D.; Polenova, T.; Bühl, M. (2007). Vanadium-51 NMR. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Vol. 62. pp. 49–114. doi:10.1016/S0066-4103(07)62002-X. ISBN 9780123739193.
^ Klemperer, W. G.; Yaghi, O. (1983). Tetrabutylammonium Trihydrogen Decavanadate(V). Vol. 27. p. 83. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch15. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^ Korbecki, Jan; Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena; Gutowska, Izabela; Chlubek, Dariusz (2012). "Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds" (PDF). Acta Biochim. Pol. 59 (2): 195–200. doi:10.18388/abp.2012_2138. PMID 22693688.
^ Crans, D. C.; Chatterjee, P. B. (2013). "Vanadium biochemistry". In Reedijk, Jan; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth (eds.). Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II: From Elements to Applications. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II. Vol. 3. pp. 323–342. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097774-4.00324-7. ISBN 978-0-08-097774-4.
^ ^a ^b "Sodium orthovanadate" (PDF). Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
^ Biolabs, New England. "Sodium Orthovanadate (Vanadate) | NEB". www.neb.com. Retrieved 2018-09-07.

[1] PubChem. "Sodium orthovanadate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-05.

[2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[3] Kato, K.; Takayama-Muromachi, E. (1987). "Die Struktur des Trinatriumvanadattrihydrats" [The structure of trisodium vanadate trihydrate] (PDF). Acta Crystallogr. C43 (6): 1030–1032. Bibcode:1987AcCrC..43.1030K. doi:10.1107/S0108270187093120.

[4] Rehder, D.; Polenova, T.; Bühl, M. (2007). Vanadium-51 NMR. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Vol. 62. pp. 49–114. doi:10.1016/S0066-4103(07)62002-X. ISBN 9780123739193.

[5] Klemperer, W. G.; Yaghi, O. (1983). Tetrabutylammonium Trihydrogen Decavanadate(V). Vol. 27. p. 83. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch15. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[6] Korbecki, Jan; Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena; Gutowska, Izabela; Chlubek, Dariusz (2012). "Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds" (PDF). Acta Biochim. Pol. 59 (2): 195–200. doi:10.18388/abp.2012_2138. PMID 22693688.

[7] Crans, D. C.; Chatterjee, P. B. (2013). "Vanadium biochemistry". In Reedijk, Jan; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth (eds.). Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II: From Elements to Applications. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II. Vol. 3. pp. 323–342. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097774-4.00324-7. ISBN 978-0-08-097774-4.

[:0-8] "Sodium orthovanadate" (PDF). Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved September 7, 2018.

[9] Biolabs, New England. "Sodium Orthovanadate (Vanadate) | NEB". www.neb.com. Retrieved 2018-09-07.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]