Thiamylal |
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| Other names | Thiamylal, Thioseconal, Surital |
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| Legal status |
- BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs)[1]
- CA: Schedule IV
- US: Schedule III
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| Metabolism | Hepatic |
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| Elimination half-life | 14.3 h (cats) |
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5-(Pentan-2-yl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-sulfanylidenedihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.927 |
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| Formula | C12H18N2O2S |
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| Molar mass | 254.35 g·mol−1 |
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| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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O=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)C1(C(C)CCC)C\C=C
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InChI=1S/C12H18N2O2S/c1-4-6-8(3)12(7-5-2)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h5,8H,2,4,6-7H2,1,3H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17) YKey:XLOMZPUITCYLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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Thiamylal (Surital) is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It has sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypnotic effects, and is used as a strong but short acting sedative. Thiamylal is still in current use, primarily for induction in surgical anaesthesia[2] or as an anticonvulsant to counteract side effects from other anaesthetics.[3] It is the thiobarbiturate analogue of secobarbital.
References
- ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
- ^ Hsieh MY, Hung GY, Hsieh YL, Chang CY, Hwang B (2005). "Deep sedation with methohexital or thiamylal with midazolam for invasive procedures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 46 (5): 294–300. PMID 16640004.
- ^ Tsai CJ, Wang HM, Lu IC, Tai CF, Wang LF, Soo LY, Lu DV (February 2007). "Seizure after local anesthesia for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma". The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 23 (2): 97–100. doi:10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70383-3. PMC 11918217. PMID 17339174.
Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C) |
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| GABAA | | Alcohols | |
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| Barbiturates | |
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| Benzodiazepines | |
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| Carbamates | |
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| Imidazoles | |
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| Monoureides |
- Acecarbromal
- Apronal (apronalide)
- Bromisoval
- Capuride
- Carbromal
- Ectylurea
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| Neurosteroids | |
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| Nonbenzodiazepines | |
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| Phenols |
- Cipepofol (ciprofol)
- Fospropofol
- Propofol
- Propofol hemisuccinate
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| Piperidinediones | |
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| Quinazolinones |
- Afloqualone
- Cloroqualone
- Diproqualone
- Etaqualone
- Mebroqualone
- Mecloqualone
- Methaqualone
- Methylmethaqualone
- Nitromethaqualone
- SL-164
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| Others | |
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| GABAB | |
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| H1 | | Antihistamines | |
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| Antidepressants |
- Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Tetracyclic antidepressants
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| Antipsychotics |
- Typical antipsychotics
- Atypical antipsychotics
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| α2-Adrenergic | |
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| 5-HT2A | | Antidepressants |
- Trazodone
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Tetracyclic antidepressants
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| Antipsychotics |
- Typical antipsychotics
- Atypical antipsychotics
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| Others | |
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| Melatonin | |
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| Orexin |
- Daridorexant
- Lemborexant
- Suvorexant
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| α2δ VDCC | |
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| Others | |
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GABAA receptor positive modulators |
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| Alcohols | |
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| Barbiturates | |
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| Benzodiazepines | |
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| Carbamates |
- Carisbamate
- Carisoprodol
- Clocental
- Cyclarbamate
- Difebarbamate
- Emylcamate
- Ethinamate
- Febarbamate
- Felbamate
- Hexapropymate
- Hydroxyphenamate
- Lorbamate
- Mebutamate
- Meprobamate
- Nisobamate
- Pentabamate
- Phenprobamate
- Procymate
- Styramate
- Tetrabamate
- Tybamate
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| Flavonoids | |
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| Imidazoles |
- Etomidate
- Metomidate
- Methoxyetomidate
- Propoxate
- Isopropoxate
- Butomidate
- Iso-butomidate
- Sec-butomidate
- CF2-Etomidate
- CF3-Etomidate
- CF3-Propoxate
- Flutomidate
- 2,6-Dichloro-3-fluoroetomidate
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| Kava constituents |
- 10-Methoxyyangonin
- 11-Methoxyyangonin
- 11-Hydroxyyangonin
- Desmethoxyyangonin
- 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
- 7,8-Dihydroyangonin
- Kavain
- 5-Hydroxykavain
- 5,6-Dihydroyangonin
- 7,8-Dihydrokavain
- 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
- 5,6-Dehydromethysticin
- Methysticin
- 7,8-Dihydromethysticin
- Yangonin
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| Monoureides |
- Acecarbromal
- Apronal (apronalide)
- Bromisoval
- Carbromal
- Capuride
- Ectylurea
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| Neuroactive steroids | |
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| Nonbenzodiazepines |
- Imidazopyridines: Alpidem
- DS-1
- Necopidem
- Saripidem
- Zolpidem
- Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon
- Fasiplon
- Indiplon
- Lorediplon
- Ocinaplon
- Panadiplon
- Taniplon
- Zaleplon
- Others: Adipiplon
- AXS-17 (BAER-101, AZD-7325)
- CGS-8216
- CGS-9896
- CGS-13767
- CGS-20625
- CL-218,872
- CP-615,003
- CTP-354
- ELB-139
- GBLD-345
- Imepitoin
- JM-1232
- L-838,417
- Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
- Miltirone (rosmariquinone)
- NS-2664
- NS-2710
- NS-11394
- Pipequaline
- ROD-188
- RWJ-51204
- SB-205,384
- SX-3228
- TGSC01AA
- TP-003
- TPA-023
- TP-13
- U-89843A
- U-90042
- Viqualine
- Y-23684
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| Phenols | |
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| Piperidinediones | |
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| Pyrazolopyridines |
- Cartazolate
- Etazolate
- ICI-190,622
- Tracazolate
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| Quinazolinones |
- Afloqualone
- Cloroqualone
- Diproqualone
- Etaqualone
- Mebroqualone
- Mecloqualone
- Methaqualone
- Methylmethaqualone
- Nitromethaqualone
- SL-164
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| Volatiles/gases | |
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| Others/unsorted |
- 3-Hydroxybutanal
- α-EMTBL
- AA-29504
- Alogabat
- Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
- Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide)
- Carbamazepine
- Chloralose
- Chlormezanone
- Clomethiazole
- Darigabat
- DEABL
- Deuterated etifoxine
- Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
- DS2
- Efavirenz
- Etazepine
- Etifoxine
- Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid)
- Fluoxetine
- Flupirtine
- Hopantenic acid
- KRM-II-81
- Lanthanum
- Lavender oil
- Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol)
- Loreclezole
- Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
- Monastrol
- Nicotinic acid
- Nicotinamide
- Org 25,435
- Phenytoin
- Propanidid
- Retigabine (ezogabine)
- Safranal
- Seproxetine
- Stiripentol
- Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional)
- Terpenoids (e.g., borneol)
- Topiramate
- Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol)
- Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators: α-Pinene
- MRK-409 (MK-0343)
- TCS-1105
- TCS-1205
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See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • GABA receptor modulators • GABA metabolism/transport modulators |
Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators |
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| CARTooltip Constitutive androstane receptor | |
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| PXRTooltip Pregnane X receptor | |
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- See also
- Receptor/signaling modulators
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General anesthetics (N01A) |
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| Inhalational | |
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| Injection | |
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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